1. Liquid Properties
Density, specific gravity and viscosity of liquids and variation with temperature.Vapor prssure, bulk modulus and compressibility of liquids.
2. Pressure drop in pipelines
Volume flow rate and velocity. Pressure and head. Laminar and turbulent flow. Reynolds number and friction factor. Moody diagram and pressure drop formulas. Colebrook and Hazen-Williams equations.
3. Steady versus Unsteady flow
Flow and pressure in a pipeline and dependence on time. Hydraulic gradient and effect on flow rate and pressure. Abrupt changes in flow and pressure due to pump shutdown, pump startup and valve operations.Pressure sureg or transients.
4. Transient due to valve closure
Effect of closing a valve on pressure and flow rate. Impact of valve closure time and rate of closure. Effect on valve opening and deliveries to multiple locations. Pressure and flow rate as a function of time.
5. Sizing Pressure Relief Valve (PRV) and rupture disk
Installing a PRV to limit pressure rise in a pipeline due to surge conditions. Thermal pressure relief versus surge pressure relief. Types of PRV and rupture disks.
6. Transient due to pump shut down or startup
Centrifugal Pumps versus Reciprocating Pumps; Pump Head versus Flow Rate; Centrifugal pump performance curves. Effect of pump speedup and ramp down on flow and pressure. Surge caused by pump shutdown and change in hydraulic gradient.
7. Graphical and Computer methods
Graphical methods of calculating transient pressures in a pipeline. Introduction to method of characteristics and computer based transient analysis.
8. Summary and Q&A
SYSTEK Technologies, Inc. www.systek.us April 2011